龙巅
干货丨锦鲤充血病的预防和治疗
2017-08-04 07:07:49
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养锦鲤的或许都经历过充血病，那么引起充血病的原因有哪些呢？我们作为锦鲤爱好者又如何判断自己的爱鲤是由什么引起的充血病呢？
引起充血病的原因目前常见就前三种情况，后三种属于少见的
一、应激反应引起的
1）当换水时温差过大，引起温度骤变。（大家知道温度突然变化超两度对锦鲤就有很大的影响，超过五度就可能引起锦鲤鱼死亡）；
2）新进鱼对当地水质的PH值，软硬度的不适应；
3）捕捞鱼时，由于锦鲤鱼的紧张，出现激烈反应引起的充血。
预防：
1）换水时要换等温的困过的水；
2）新进鱼要过水，让锦鲤鱼慢慢适应当地的水质；
3）轻捞轻放，避免冲撞。
治疗：
如果因为以上情况引起的充血，不必惊慌，这种充血最好治疗；加盐0.3%调节下渗透压，停食，爆氧，保持好水质。三四天就可恢复
二、细菌感染导致的充血
1）最容易发生的就是主缸有老鱼，新进鱼发生的交叉感染；
2）水质不洁，外伤引起，不是裸缸饲养或鱼池有硬的物体，鱼撞伤.刮伤引起感染
预防：
1）新进鱼要按程序杀菌消毒，隔离饲养至少一星期，无病症才可合缸；
2）定期换水，保持好的水质，鱼在好的水体环境下有很好的自愈能力的。
治疗：
每日换等温困过水1/5，加大盐千分之五，黄粉按说明加（含药量不同），停食，爆氧。换水后补盐.补药；时间充裕可捞出高锰酸钾（稀释成粉红色）药浴10分钟，药浴时打氧；直至好转，定期换水稀释主缸药水和盐的浓度。
三、体外寄生虫引起
它们通过机械性刺激和损伤皮肤及组织，使锦鲤时常会感染细菌，而最终导致锦鲤充血。
1）机械性刺激及损伤，这种特性就是寄生虫所共有的，如鲺寄生，以其口器及背甲覆面的倒刺刺伤、撕裂宿主（所寄生的生物）的皮肤；大中华鳋的寄生可造成宿主鳃组织的炎性水肿和细胞增生，造成鳃部病变。
2）压挤和阻塞 一些寄生于锦鲤体内的寄生虫往往可能造成对宿主组织器官的挤压，引起器官萎缩，坏死和生理机能丧失
3）掠夺宿主的营养 寄生虫的营养来源自宿主，长时间会造成锦鲤鱼的营养不良，生长发育缓慢，重者会造成锦鲤鱼的死亡
4）毒素伤害 寄生虫在寄生过程中，新陈代谢产生的排泄物会留在宿主体内，有些寄生虫还会分泌不同程度的有毒物质，长时间也会对锦鲤的健康产生影响。
容易引起寄生虫的条件主要有给锦鲤喂食的饲料，尤其是动物饲料，不处理干净锦鲤吞噬后，就会被寄生虫当做宿主而生存下来，然后繁殖会给锦鲤带来很大的危害。
预防：
1）导致寄生虫的原因也是水质的关系，我们要做好水质的保养，定期、勤换水，换水时要困水，刚打出来的水要做处理，除了要去除水中的氯气还要去除水中的微生物体、养锦鲤鱼的密度要合理、还有就是强大的过滤系统。
2）定期杀虫，新进的鱼必须要做杀菌，杀虫处理
治疗：
1）可用直接杀虫法：适用于早期，可用晶体敌百虫按0.5的浓度（1吨水0.5克）融水泼洒全池杀虫，或者伊维菌素0.05ppm（1吨水0.05毫升）遍洒全池杀虫。（水族用百必除也可）
2）很严重的话建议先消炎再杀虫：先用适量黄粉化水遍洒全池，隔一天后再杀虫，可用晶体敌百虫按0.5ppm（1吨水0.5克）融水泼洒全池杀虫。或者伊维菌素0.05ppm（1吨水0.05毫升）遍洒全池杀虫。
下面这三种不是常见的：
四、药物引起
对于药物引起的充血，我们最应该做的就是对症下药，在不懂的情况下不要胡乱用药。
五、季节性充血（限于池养）
季节之间的转变不是我们所能控制的，唯一能做的就是在转季的时候在鱼池或是鱼缸里面定期撒药防御。为了季节气温带来的影响，最好的办法就是将锦鲤鱼移到室内鱼池。
六、病毒引起
说道病毒其实和细菌不是一个概念，我们要先了解哪种病毒引起的。这种病毒的个体极小、呈现颗粒状，在电子显微镜下才能看清楚，这种病毒寄生在鱼体组织细胞中，具有很强的抗药性，所以药物很难治疗。而引起这种病毒充血的是因为水质不干净、外伤、饵料变质等。所以要做到的防御还是第一条和防止外伤，而饵料和饲料的选择就要自己的细心查看。不要买过期的饲料。
总结
1）期间用药肯定会影响水质，中途有可能会使水浑浊，所以大家要注意饲养锦鲤的水质保养，切不可不按照剂量治疗，否则会出现反效果的，严重时还有可能引发其他的锦鲤鱼病。
2）平时要做好预防，不给细菌寄生的有利环境。也要定期杀虫杀菌，但是鱼缸切记使用杀菌灯或者不要大量使用，因为杀菌灯的紫外线对有生命的生物都是有害的，它们也会杀死硝化细菌，如果长时间使用，会严重破坏鱼缸的硝化系统，那就得不偿失了，一样会杀害锦鲤。
3）常见的杀菌药物有黄粉、高锰酸钾等，盐其实不能直接杀菌，它是通过渗透作用于细菌，导致细菌脱水而死亡的，因此如果用盐杀菌要加大浓度，一般要达到百分之一的量，确保细菌体内的水分可以渗透出来而脱水直到死亡。
4）保养好水质、防止外伤感染、对症下药，是药三分毒，用药需谨慎；治病只是治标，治水才是治本。
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